Healthy eating means eating a variety of foods that give you the nutrients you need to maintain your health, feel good, and have energy. These nutrients include protein, carbohydrates, fat, water, vitamins, and minerals. Most of us don’t know the terms of nutrition and what they do. So let’s have a look at them.
Antioxidants
Oxidation is a chemical process in which kind of free radicals are produced and they damage our DNA. Antioxidants are substances which stops this process or slows it down, they are also known as Photochemical as they are found in plants. If you keep a slice of apple too long in the open air, you will see it turning yellow. It happens because of oxidation. Adding lemon in it prevents oxidation to occur. It’s clear that lemon contains the substance antioxidant. Oxidation may cause more harm inside of our body, even they may cause cancer, heart disease and many other severe diseases. Vitamin A, C and E works as antioxidants, they are found in lemon, berry, mango, green vegetables, green tea and some other foods.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Body Mass Index is a standardised ratio of weight to height and is often used as a general indicator of health. Your BMI can be calculated by dividing your weight (in kilo grams) by the square of your height (in meters). A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered normal for most adults. Higher BMIs may indicate that an individual is overweight or obese. You can easily calculate your BMI by using this BMI calculator.
Calorie
Calorie is a unit of measurement for energy. One calorie is formally defined as the amount of energy required to raise one cubic centimetre of water by one-degree centigrade. To measure the amount of energy in food, nutritionists most commonly use kilo calories (1,000 calories) and label the measurement either as ‘kcal’ or as ‘Calories’ with a capital 'C'. One kcal is also equivalent to approximately 4.184 kilojoules. You can use the Calorie Calculator to calculate the calorie you need.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are your body's primary source for energy. Carbohydrates comprise of sugars, starches, and cellulose. Your body breaks down carbs to turn them into glucose. But containing too much carbohydrate is not good for our health as later they turn into body fats. So, eat as much you need, not more than that.
Electrolytes
Electrolytes are known as minerals in the blood and other bodily fluids that carry an electric charge. The examples of electrolytes could be sodium, potassium and calcium. The amount of electrolytes in the body affects the level of acidity. Most of these electrolytes are lost through perspiration; we often drink sports drinks to replace our lost electrolytes. But these sports drinks are not really helpful to replace electrolytes, rather than they contain a huge amount of unnecessary calories and sugar. Lemon juice, banana, pineapple, even salt water is a good source of electrolytes.
Fatty Acids
Fatty acids are individual isomers of what we more commonly known as ‘fat’. There are hundreds of different fatty acids, but just a few dozen that are commonly found in the food we eat. They are actually a combination of saturated and unsaturated fat. Fats are often considered unhealthy, but they are essential to our bodies. Fatty acids are important to brain development and also help with blood clotting and controlling inflammation.
Saturated fats are found in milk, meat, coconut and palm oil. But absorbing these fats should be limited, not more than we need. Unsaturated fats are found in fish and vegetable oil. They are healthier source of fat but still they contain a lot of calories which can cause harm if taken more than needed.
Iron
Iron is one of the essential minerals that the human body needs. It forms part of haemoglobin, the component of the blood that carries oxygen throughout the body. People with iron-poor blood tire easily because their bodies are starved for oxygen and they cannot work for too long. Iron is also part of myoglobin, which helps muscles store oxygen. The best sources of iron are liver and organ meats, clams, oysters, beef, poultry, and fish. Some fortified ready-to-eat cereals are high in iron, as are dried beans, dark-green vegetables, molasses, baked potato with skin, and enriched grains.
Protein
Protein is one of the basic components of food and makes all life possible. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. All of the antibodies and enzymes and many of the hormones in the body are proteins. They provide for the transport of nutrients, oxygen and waste 
throughout the body. They provide the structure and contracting capability of muscles. They also provide collagen to connective tissues of the body and to the tissues of the skin, hair, and nails.
These essential amino acids are found in animal proteins, such as meat, eggs, and dairy products which are called complete proteins.
Vegetarians can get them by combining two or more incomplete proteins from plant sources like beans, peas, nuts, seeds, and grains. Soybeans are the exception as they are a plant-based complete protein.
We hope this gives you an idea of how to eat healthily.